Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности Синергия 4 семестр — часть 2

A new shopping center … opened in a month.

He said that he … her for several years.

I was sure the book … published soon.

She … piano lessons since last June.

If people kept their offices more tidy, it … a better image to our visitors.

I woudn`t worry if I … you.

Sometimes customs clearance … be difficult to obtain.

The film was so funny that it really made me ....

... several enquiries, I finally discovered her address.

He wanted his program to be written in Basic.

He seemed to expect his orders to be obeyed.

They are sure to agree to take part in this work.

In carrying out management functions, such as planning, organizing, motivating and controlling, a manager will be continually making decisions. Decision-making is a key management responsibility.

Some decisions are of the routine kind. They are decisions which are made fairly quickly and are based on judgement. Since a manager is experienced, he knows what to do in certain situations. He does not have to think too much before taking action. For example, a supervisor in a supermarket may decide, on the spot, to give a refund to a customer who has brought a product. The manager does not have to gather a great deal of additional information before making the decision.

Other decisions are often intuitive ones. They are not really rational. The manager may have a hunch or a gut feeling that a certain course of action is the right one. He will follow that hunch and act accordingly. Thus, when looking for an agent in an overseas market, a sales manager may have several companies to choose from. However, he may go for one organization simply because he feels it would be the most suitable agent. Such a decision is based on hunch, rather than rational thought.

Many decisions are more difficult to make since they involve problem-solving. Very often they are strategic decisions involving major courses of action which will affect the future direction of the enterprise. To make good decisions the manager should be able to select, rationally, a course of action. In practice, decisions are usually made in circumstances which are not ideal. They must be made quickly, with insufficient information. It is probably rare that a manager can make an entirely rational decision.

When a complex problem arises, like where to locate a factory or which new product to develop, the manager has to collect facts and weigh up courses of action. He must be systematic in dealing with the problem. A useful approach to this sort of decision -making is as follows: the process consists of four phases:

• defining the problem;
• analyzing and collecting information;
• working out options and
• deciding on the best solutions.

Decision-making …

Banks are among the most important financial institutions. The way in which a bank is organized and operates is determined by its objectives. The first and the most important function of a central bank is to accept responsibility for advising the government on the making of the country`s financial policy, and then to see that it is carried out. The aim of commercial banks is to earn profit. Over the years banks have developed organizational forms, or structures, designed to perform these various roles and to supply the services their customers demand.

A commercial bank which provides the` same range of services year after year is less likely to be successful. Successful competing in the constantly changing global business environment requires market-driven strategies that are responsive to customers` needs and wants. Executives who do not recognize the change`s occurring in the vast array of markets for products and services will not be able to cope with the unprecedented competitive pressure in the market place. To improve competitive advantages they are drastically altering their business and marketing strategies which may include downsizing, repositioning, market segmentation, altering the business portfolio, pricing, promotion and strategic alliances between companies. With the global increase in the number of competitors banks face in their major markets, more and more banking firms have become market-driven and more alert to the changing service demands of their customers and also to the challenges posed by bank and nonbank competitors. This trend forced bank managers to become more concerned with service marketing activities and with profitability and growth.

Banks are usually organized to follow their functions and supply the services as efficiently as possible. Moreover, as larger banks generally offer more services, a bank`s size is also a significant factor in determining how banks are organized.

According to the text, the aims of a central bank and commercial banks are …