Итоговый тест
Wundt established his psychology laboratory at the University at … in 1879.
The unconscious mind could be accessed through dream analysis, by examinations of the first words that came to people’s minds, and through seemingly innocent … of the tongue.
A(n) … is a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time.
A(n) … method for acquiring knowledge is one based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities.
Put the stages of scientific research in the correct order:
Psychology is a relatively young science with its experimental roots in the … century, compared, for example, to human physiology, which dates much earlier.
The process approach is founded on the studies made by these two scientists (Select 2 correct answers):
Put the phrases in the correct order to form a sentence:
According to the humanist, Carl Rogers, … is at the centre of our human experience and each individual’s unique interpretation of reality is valid.
… is a critical tool for successfully navigating our complex world. Without it, we would be forced to rely solely on intuition, other people’s authority, and blind luck.
A … is a testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct, and it is often worded as an if-then statement (e.g., if I study all night, I will get a passing grade on the test).
Descartes believed in the principle of …: that the mind is fundamentally different from the mechanical body.
… refers to the extent to which having a given characteristic helps the individual organism survive and reproduce at a higher rate than do other members of the species who do not have the characteristic.
In the brain, …, which operate using an electrochemical process, are much slower but also vastly more complex and useful than the transistors used by computers.
Order these three stages of memory:
Encoding information occurs through automatic and … processing.
Craik and Tulving concluded that we process verbal information best through … encoding, especially if we apply what is called the self-reference effect.
Storage is the creation of a … record of information.
In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages. Put these three stages into consecutive order:
… memory is a type of implicit memory: it stores information about how to do things. It is the memory for skilled actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car, how to swim the crawl (freestyle) stroke.
Episodic memories are also called autobiographical memories. The concept of episodic memory was first proposed by … in 1972.
Match a sin of memory with its example:
Our emotional states are combinations of physiological arousal, psychological appraisal, and subjective experiences. Together, these are known as the … of emotion.
According to the … theory of emotion, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. So, when you see the venomous snake, you feel fear at exactly the same time that your body mounts its fight or flight response.
The … theory of emotion is another variation on theories of emotions that takes into account both physiological arousal and the emotional experience. According to this theory, emotions are composed of two factors: physiological and cognitive.
Match the theory of emotion with its model:
… developed the cognitive-mediational theory that asserts that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus.
Individuals suffering from … show marked reductions in the volume of several parts of the hippocampus, which may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis and dendritic branching.
Put the phrases in order to form a sentence:
The facial-feedback theory of emotions suggests that … expressions are connected to experiencing emotions.
Компетентностный тест
Read the text below and answer the question: There is an approach to psychology that focuses on unconscious drives and the potential to improve lives through psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. It implies that there’s a lot of information in the person’s subconsciousness that needs to be addressed for the individual to function in a healthy way. Question: What approach is meant here?
Read the text below and answer the question: Your colleague is a therapist who provides talking therapy services. During his sessions he helps his clients manage their problems by changing the way they think about them and the way they behave. Question: What approach to therapy is described above?
Read the text below and answer the question: Scientific knowledge is …. It is grounded in objective, tangible evidence that can be observed time and time again, regardless of who is observing. Question: What word is missing in this description?
Read the text below and answer the question: First, environmental stimuli enter our sensory memory for a period of less than a second to a few seconds. Those stimuli that we notice and pay attention to then move into short-term memory (also called working memory). After that, we rehearse this information, and then it moves into long-term memory for permanent storage. Long-term memory has limited storage capacity and needs to be refreshed regularly. Question: What is wrong in this description of the memory function?
Read the text and answer the question: There is a guy, Brian, in your class that always seems to know what your professor is going to say next. He knows what mood the professor’s in before he even starts speaking and based on this he can even predict if you are going to have an unexpected quiz or not. Question: Why do you think that happens?
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